Ever heard of this thing called ’ Hanseatic League’? Just askin…
No need for apologies. Why should you apologise for Germany having different history and traditions than UK and US? See? I don’t see why, either. 
Yes, there are plenty of scientists that would perfectly fit the hulls of Daedalus/Olympic, Orberth, Nebula and Nova Class starships. Regarding composers and other cultural big names, I share @aramis’ doubts.
I actually did not think about this. That would depend on the respective mythological figure, I think.
And also: Only because I would never name a ship ‘USS von Moltke’ (uncertainty intended), you are most definetly free to do so.
Another possibility to draw of for a ‘German flavoured list’ would be Prussia. They even had a navy, though not a very large one, I suppose. The Prussians were more into ground combat, I think.
Also, I completely ignored Eastern Germany, meaning the ‘German Democratic Republic’, the Soviet satellite-State that existed about 40 years until German re-unification in 1989. They were, generally speaking, heavily into worker-heroes. If I weren’t born and raised in Western Germany, Sigmund Jähn would have probably been the first name coming to my mind when thinking about Germany and Spaceship names.
But, in the end:
I am not entirely sure we actually need a German contribution in the first place.